All Countries of the World and Their Currencies

The afghani replaced the Kabuli rupee in 1925 and was reissued in 2002 at 1:1,000, retiring the multiple rival note issues of the civil-war years.

Used in: Afghanistan

The lek was first issued in 1926 and named after Alexander the Great. It floats freely and has been comparatively stable since 2000.

Used in: Albania

Introduced in 1964 to replace the Algerian franc after independence, the dinar has been managed under a float since the 1990s structural adjustment programmes.

Used in: Algeria

The kwanza has been reissued several times since 1977, with the current version dating from 1999. It has depreciated heavily with oil-price swings.

Used in: Angola

The current peso dates from 1992's convertibility plan, which fixed it one-to-one with the dollar until the 2001-02 collapse. It has since faced persistent high inflation.

Used in: Argentina

The dram, a name dating to medieval silver coinage, replaced the ruble in 1993 and floats under inflation targeting.

Used in: Armenia

Introduced in 1986 when Aruba gained separate status within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, it is pegged at 1.79 per US dollar.

Used in: Aruba

The Australian dollar replaced the pound at two dollars per pound in 1966. Fixed to sterling, then the US dollar, then a trade-weighted basket, it was floated in December 1983 and is now among the most traded currencies.

Used in: Australia

The manat returned in 1992 and was redenominated at 1:5,000 in 2006. Two devaluations in 2015 followed the oil-price crash; it is now pegged near 1.7 per dollar.

Used in: Azerbaijan

Replacing the Bahamian pound in 1966, it is pegged at par with the US dollar, which circulates interchangeably.

Used in: Bahamas

Replacing the Gulf rupee in 1965, the Bahraini dinar is divided into 1,000 fils and pegged to the US dollar at about 0.376, making it one of the strongest units in the world.

Used in: Bahrain

The taka replaced the Pakistani rupee in 1972 after independence, taking its name from the Sanskrit tanka silver coin.

Used in: Bangladesh

Introduced in 1973 after the East Caribbean dollar, it has been pegged to the US dollar at 2:1 since 1975.

Used in: Barbados

The Belarusian ruble has been redenominated three times since 1992, most recently in 2016 at 1:10,000, and remains tightly managed.

Used in: Belarus

Descended from the British Honduras dollar, it has been pegged at 2 per US dollar since 1978.

Used in: Belize

Introduced in 1970 to replace the Bermudian pound, it is pegged at par with the US dollar and circulates only locally.

Used in: Bermuda

The ngultrum replaced the rupee at par in 1974 and remains pegged one-to-one with the Indian rupee, which also circulates freely.

Used in: Bhutan

The boliviano returned in 1987 at 1:1,000,000 to the peso boliviano after hyperinflation, and has been closely managed against the dollar since 2011.

Used in: Bolivia

Created under the 1995 Dayton Agreement, the convertible mark was pegged to the Deutsche Mark and now to the euro at 1.95583 under a currency board.

Used in: Bosnia and Herzegovina

The pula, meaning 'rain', replaced the South African rand in 1976 and is managed against a basket of the rand and SDR, backed by diamond revenues.

Used in: Botswana

The real was launched in July 1994 under the Plano Real, ending hyperinflation after a series of failed currencies including the cruzeiro and cruzado.

Used in: Brazil

Sterling traces to the Anglo-Saxon silver penny of the 8th century, making it the oldest currency still in use. It anchored the classical gold standard, was decimalised in 1971, and has floated freely since leaving the ERM on Black Wednesday in 1992.

Used in: United Kingdom

Issued from 1967, the Brunei dollar remains interchangeable at par with the Singapore dollar under a currency interchangeability agreement.

Used in: Brunei

The lev was redenominated at 1:1,000 in 1999 and fixed to the euro at 1.95583 under a currency board created in 1997 to end a banking crisis.

Used in: Bulgaria

The kyat returned in 1952 and became known for unusual denominations such as 45 and 90 kyats issued in 1987, along with repeated demonetisations.

Used in: Myanmar (Burma)

Burundi split from the shared Rwanda-Burundi franc in 1964, retaining the franc denomination inherited from Belgian colonial administration.

Used in: Burundi

First issued in 1953, the riel was abolished entirely under the Khmer Rouge and reintroduced in 1980; the economy remains heavily dollarised.

Used in: Cambodia

Canada adopted a decimal dollar in 1858 to align with US trade. It has floated for most of the period since 1950, an unusual choice under Bretton Woods, and is closely correlated with oil prices.

Used in: Canada

In use since 1914, the escudo has been pegged to the Portuguese escudo and, since 1999, to the euro at 110.265.

Used in: Cape Verde

Issued from 1972 to replace the Jamaican dollar, it is pegged at 1.20 US dollars, making it among the highest-valued dollars.

Used in: Cayman Islands

The Central African CFA franc, used by six CEMAC states since 1945, shares the euro peg of 655.957 with its West African counterpart but the two are not interchangeable.

Used in: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo - Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon

Introduced in 1945 for France's Pacific territories, the CFP franc was tied to the French franc and since 1999 to the euro at a fixed 119.33.

Used in: French Polynesia

Reintroduced in 1975 to replace the escudo, the peso floats freely and correlates strongly with copper prices.

Used in: Chile

The renminbi was issued by the People's Bank of China in 1948 during the closing phase of the civil war. It was tightly pegged to the dollar until 2005 and now trades within a managed band, gaining IMF Special Drawing Right status in 2016.

Used in: China

In use since 1810, the peso has floated since 1999 when the crawling band was abandoned during a banking crisis.

Used in: Colombia

Separated from the Madagascar-Comores franc in 1975, it is pegged to the euro at 491.968 with a guarantee from the French Treasury.

Used in: Comoros

The franc returned in 1998, replacing the new zaire at 1:100,000 after the hyperinflation of the Mobutu era, and the economy remains heavily dollarised.

Used in: Congo - Kinshasa

The colón replaced the peso in 1896 and is named after Christopher Columbus; it moved from a crawling band to a managed float in 2015.

Used in: Costa Rica

In use since 1857, the peso coexisted with the convertible peso (CUC) from 1994 until monetary unification in 2021.

Used in: Cuba

The koruna was created in February 1993 when the Czechoslovak koruna was split between the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The central bank capped it against the euro from 2013 to 2017.

Used in: Czechia

Also from 1875, the krone is pegged to the euro within a narrow ±2.25% band under ERM II, making it effectively a euro shadow.

Used in: Denmark, Greenland

Circulating since 1949, the franc has been pegged to the US dollar at about 177.7 under a currency board, one of Africa's longest-standing fixed regimes.

Used in: Djibouti

Introduced in 1844 at independence and reissued in 1947 when US currency was withdrawn, it now floats under a managed regime.

Used in: Dominican Republic

Shared by eight member states of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union since 1965, it has been pegged at 2.70 per US dollar since 1976.

Used in: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada

Introduced in 1834 to replace the Egyptian piastre, the pound was tied to sterling and later the dollar. A series of devaluations from 2016 onward under IMF programmes moved it toward a floating rate.

Used in: Egypt

Introduced in 1997 to replace the Ethiopian birr, the nakfa is named after the town of Nakfa and has been fixed to the US dollar at 15 since 2005.

Used in: Eritrea

The birr has circulated since the 19th century Maria Theresa thaler era, was briefly renamed the Ethiopian dollar, and returned to the birr name in 1976. It shifted to a market-determined rate in 2024.

Used in: Ethiopia

The euro launched as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999 and as notes and coins in 2002, replacing legacy currencies such as the Deutsche Mark, French franc and Italian lira. It is managed by the European Central Bank and is the world's second reserve currency.

Used in: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain

Introduced in 1969 to replace the Fijian pound, it is managed against a basket of major trading partners' currencies.

Used in: Fiji

The dalasi replaced the Gambian pound in 1971 at five dalasis per pound and floats under a managed regime.

Used in: Gambia

The lari replaced the coupon kuponi at 1:1,000,000 in 1995, ending Georgia's post-Soviet hyperinflation.

Used in: Georgia

The cedi replaced the Ghanaian pound in 1965 and takes its name from the cowrie shell. It was redenominated at 1:10,000 in 2007 to create the current Ghana cedi.

Used in: Ghana

Issued locally since 1927, the Gibraltar pound is fixed at par with sterling and circulates alongside British notes.

Used in: Gibraltar

Named after the national bird, the quetzal replaced the peso in 1925 and was tied to the US dollar until 1987.

Used in: Guatemala

Guinea left the CFA zone in 1960, briefly used the syli, and restored the franc in 1985 under a market-oriented reform programme.

Used in: Guinea

Introduced in 1839 and separated from the British West Indies dollar in 1966, it is managed against the US dollar.

Used in: Guyana

The gourde dates to 1813 and was pegged to the US dollar at 5:1 for much of the 20th century, which is why Haitians still quote prices in 'Haitian dollars'.

Used in: Haiti

Introduced in 1931 and named after a 16th-century indigenous leader, the lempira was pegged at 2 per dollar until 1990.

Used in: Honduras

Circulating since 1863, the Hong Kong dollar has been pegged to the US dollar at roughly 7.8 under a currency-board system since 1983. It is uniquely issued by three commercial note-issuing banks.

Used in: Hong Kong

The forint was introduced in 1946 to end the worst hyperinflation ever recorded, that of the pengő, and has floated freely since 2008.

Used in: Hungary

Separated from the Danish krone in 1918 and redenominated at 1:100 in 1981, the króna collapsed in the 2008 banking crisis and recovered under capital controls lifted in 2017.

Used in: Iceland

The rupee descends from the silver rupiya introduced by Sher Shah Suri in the 1540s. India moved from the silver standard to a sterling peg under the British, decimalised into 100 paise in 1957, devalued in 1966 and 1991, and has floated on a managed basis since liberalisation.

Used in: India

Introduced in 1946 during the independence struggle, the rupiah lost over 80% of its value in the 1997-98 crisis and floats today under inflation targeting.

Used in: Indonesia

The rial replaced the qiran in 1932. Long subject to multiple exchange rates and sanctions, Iran has legislated a switch to the toman at 1:10,000.

Used in: Iran

Introduced in 1932 to replace the Indian rupee, the dinar was reissued in 2003 after the war to retire the Saddam-era notes; it is pegged to the dollar.

Used in: Iraq

The new shekel replaced the old shekel at 1:1,000 in 1985 as part of the emergency plan that ended Israel's hyperinflation. It has been freely convertible since 2003.

Used in: Israel

The dollar replaced the Jamaican pound in 1969 at two dollars per pound and has floated with steady depreciation since 1983.

Used in: Jamaica

The yen was introduced by the Meiji government's New Currency Act of 1871 to replace the complex Tokugawa coinage. Pegged at 360 to the dollar under Bretton Woods, it floated from 1973 and became a major safe-haven and carry-trade currency.

Used in: Japan

The dinar replaced the Palestine pound in 1950 and has been pegged to the US dollar at about 0.709 since 1995, making it one of the strongest units.

Used in: Jordan

Introduced in November 1993 after leaving the ruble zone, the tenge was floated in 2015 and moves closely with oil and the Russian ruble.

Used in: Kazakhstan

Issued in 1966 to replace the East African shilling, it is the region's most traded currency and has floated since liberalisation in the early 1990s.

Used in: Kenya

Introduced in 1961 to replace the Gulf rupee at independence, the dinar was reissued after the 1990 Iraqi invasion when occupation-era notes were voided. Pegged to a currency basket, it is the world's highest-valued currency unit.

Used in: Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan was the first Central Asian state to leave the ruble zone, launching the som in May 1993 under an IMF-backed reform.

Used in: Kyrgyzstan

The kip replaced the royal kip in 1979 after the founding of the Lao PDR and has depreciated sharply during periods of high inflation.

Used in: Laos

In use since 1939, the pound held a 1,507.5 peg from 1997 until the 2019 financial collapse, after which it lost more than 98% of its value.

Used in: Lebanon

The loti appeared in 1980 and is fixed at par with the South African rand within the Common Monetary Area.

Used in: Lesotho

Liberia used US currency for much of the 20th century; its own dollar notes returned in 1989 and circulate alongside the US dollar today.

Used in: Liberia

The dinar replaced the Libyan pound in 1971 after the 1969 revolution. It is pegged to the IMF's Special Drawing Rights and was devalued sharply in 2021 to unify rates.

Used in: Libya

In use since 1894, the pataca is pegged to the Hong Kong dollar at 1.03 and thus indirectly to the US dollar.

Used in: Macao

Introduced in 1992 after independence from Yugoslavia and reissued in 1993, the denar is informally pegged to the euro.

Used in: North Macedonia

The ariary replaced the Malagasy franc in 2005 at 1:5, reviving a pre-colonial unit. It is one of only two circulating currencies not based on a decimal division.

Used in: Madagascar

The kwacha, whose name means 'dawn', replaced the Malawian pound in 1971 and has been repeatedly devalued, most notably in 2012 and 2022.

Used in: Malawi

Issued in 1967 to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar, the ringgit was pegged at 3.8 to the dollar from 1998 to 2005 and now floats.

Used in: Malaysia

The rufiyaa, decimalised in 1960, replaced the earlier larin and rupee system and trades within a band against the US dollar set in 2011.

Used in: Maldives

The ouguiya replaced the CFA franc in 1973 and was redenominated at 1:10 in 2018. Like the ariary, it is subdivided into fifths rather than hundredths.

Used in: Mauritania

Adopted in 1876 to reflect trade with India, the rupee replaced a mixture of Indian, British and French coinage and has floated since 1994.

Used in: Mauritius

The peso descends from the Spanish colonial eight-real coin that once circulated worldwide. It was redenominated at 1:1,000 in 1993 and floated after the 1994 Tequila crisis.

Used in: Mexico

Moldova reintroduced the leu in 1993, replacing Soviet rubles and cupon coupons, and manages it under a float.

Used in: Moldova

The tögrög was introduced in 1925, replacing a mix of Chinese, Russian and Mexican coinage, and floated after the 1990 transition to a market economy.

Used in: Mongolia

The dirham replaced the Moroccan franc in 1960 and completed the transition in 1974. It is managed against a euro-dollar basket, with the band widened progressively since 2018.

Used in: Morocco

The metical replaced the escudo in 1980 and was redenominated at 1:1,000 in 2006 following years of high inflation.

Used in: Mozambique

Introduced in 1993, the Namibian dollar is pegged one-to-one with the South African rand under the Common Monetary Area, and the rand remains legal tender.

Used in: Namibia

Introduced in 1932 to replace the silver mohar, the Nepalese rupee has been pegged to the Indian rupee at 1.6 since 1993.

Used in: Nepal

In use since 1940 and pegged at 1.79 per US dollar, it is being replaced by the Caribbean guilder in Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

Used in: Curaçao

The new Taiwan dollar replaced the old at 1:40,000 in 1949 to halt hyperinflation, and became the official national currency in 2000.

Used in: Taiwan

Introduced in 1967 to replace the New Zealand pound, the 'kiwi' was floated in March 1985 and became one of the first currencies with a formal inflation-targeting central bank in 1989.

Used in: New Zealand

Created in 1912, the córdoba was reissued in 1988 and 1991 after hyperinflation and now follows a crawling peg against the dollar.

Used in: Nicaragua

The naira replaced the Nigerian pound in 1973, making Nigeria one of the last countries to abandon the £sd system. Repeated devaluations, most recently the 2023 unification of official and parallel rates, have marked its history.

Used in: Nigeria

Introduced in 1875 when Norway joined the Scandinavian Monetary Union, the krone has floated since 1992 and moves with oil prices.

Used in: Norway

The rial Saidi appeared in 1970 and was renamed the rial Omani in 1972. Divided into 1,000 baisa and pegged at 0.3845 per dollar, it ranks among the highest-valued currencies.

Used in: Oman

Pakistan issued its own rupee in 1948, initially overstamped Indian notes. Pegged to sterling then the dollar, it has floated since 1982 with repeated devaluations.

Used in: Pakistan

Adopted in 1904, the balboa exists only as coinage and is fixed at par with the US dollar, which serves as Panama's paper currency.

Used in: Panama

The kina replaced the Australian dollar in 1975 at independence and takes its name from a pearl shell used in traditional trade.

Used in: Papua New Guinea

Introduced in 1943 to replace the peso at 1:100, the guaraní has never been redenominated and is the only currency of the Americas with no circulating subunit.

Used in: Paraguay

The nuevo sol replaced the inti at 1:1,000,000 in 1991, ending hyperinflation; it was renamed simply the sol in 2015.

Used in: Peru

Descended from the Spanish colonial peso, the modern peso dates from 1949 and the founding of the Central Bank; it floated after 1970 and again after 1997.

Used in: Philippines

The złoty, meaning 'golden', dates to the Middle Ages; the current fourth złoty followed the 1995 redenomination at 1:10,000 and floats freely.

Used in: Poland

Qatar used the Indian Gulf rupee until 1966, then a shared Qatar and Dubai riyal, and issued its own riyal in 1973. It is pegged to the US dollar at 3.64.

Used in: Qatar

The leu dates to 1867; the current fourth leu came from the 2005 redenomination at 1:10,000 and is managed within a narrow float.

Used in: Romania

One of the world's oldest currencies, in use since the 13th century, the ruble was redenominated at 1:1,000 in 1998 after the Soviet collapse and has faced sanctions-driven volatility since 2014 and 2022.

Used in: Russia

Separated from the Rwanda-Burundi franc in 1964, the franc has floated since 1995 and is managed by the National Bank of Rwanda.

Used in: Rwanda

The tālā replaced the New Zealand pound in 1967; its name is the Samoan rendering of 'dollar'.

Used in: Samoa

Descended from Ottoman-era silver riyals, the modern riyal dates from the founding of the Saudi Monetary Agency in 1952. It has been fixed to the US dollar at 3.75 since 1986.

Used in: Saudi Arabia

The dinar traces to medieval Serbia, was restored in 1868, and survived the record Yugoslav hyperinflation of 1993-94 before stabilising after 2000.

Used in: Serbia

Issued since 1914 and separated from the Mauritian rupee, it was floated in 2008 under an IMF programme, causing a sharp initial depreciation followed by stability.

Used in: Seychelles

The leone replaced the British West African pound in 1964 and was redenominated at 1:1,000 in 2022 to create the new leone (SLE).

Used in: Sierra Leone

Issued from 1967 after the break-up of the Malaya and British Borneo dollar, it was interchangeable with the Malaysian ringgit until 1973. The MAS manages it against an undisclosed trade-weighted basket rather than an interest rate.

Used in: Singapore

Issued in 1977 to replace the Australian dollar, it is managed against a trade-weighted basket.

Used in: Solomon Islands

Issued in 1962 after unification, the shilling survived the collapse of the central bank in 1991 largely through privately printed notes, with reissue efforts ongoing.

Used in: Somalia

The rand replaced the South African pound in 1961 when the country became a republic, taking its name from the Witwatersrand goldfields. It weakened sharply through the sanctions era and is now a highly traded emerging-market currency.

Used in: South Africa

The won returned in 1962 at 1:10 to the hwan. Fixed regimes ended with the 1997 Asian financial crisis, after which the won floated freely.

Used in: South Korea

Introduced in 1872 under British rule, the rupee floated in 1977 and depreciated sharply during the 2022 sovereign-debt crisis.

Used in: Sri Lanka

The pound returned in 2007 under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, replacing the dinar, and was reissued in 2011 after South Sudan's secession amid heavy inflation.

Used in: Sudan

The Surinamese dollar replaced the guilder at 1:1,000 in 2004 and has been devalued repeatedly, floating from 2021.

Used in: Suriname

Introduced in 1974, the lilangeni of Eswatini is pegged at par with the South African rand under the Common Monetary Area.

Used in: Eswatini

Dating to the 1873 Scandinavian Monetary Union, the krona was floated in November 1992 after the failed defence of its ECU peg.

Used in: Sweden

The franc was unified nationwide in 1850, replacing dozens of cantonal currencies, and was part of the Latin Monetary Union. Long backed by large gold reserves, it is a classic safe haven; the SNB capped it against the euro from 2011 to 2015.

Used in: Liechtenstein, Switzerland

Issued since 1919 under the French mandate, the pound depreciated dramatically during the civil war that began in 2011.

Used in: Syria

The somoni, named after the Samanid ruler Ismail Samani, replaced the Tajikistani ruble at 1:1,000 in 2000.

Used in: Tajikistan

Adopted in 1966 after the East African Currency Board dissolved, the shilling replaced the East African shilling at par and has floated since 1993.

Used in: Tanzania

The baht evolved from the tical weight unit and was decimalised in 1897. Its 1997 devaluation, ending the dollar peg, triggered the Asian financial crisis.

Used in: Thailand

The paʻanga replaced the Tongan pound in 1967 and is pegged to a basket including the Australian, New Zealand and US dollars and the yen.

Used in: Tonga

Replacing the British West Indies dollar in 1964, it is tightly managed against the US dollar and backed by energy exports.

Used in: Trinidad and Tobago

Created in 1960 to replace the franc, the dinar is divided into 1,000 millimes and is not legally exportable, trading under a managed float.

Used in: Tunisia

In use since the late Ottoman era, the lira was redenominated at 1:1,000,000 in 2005 after decades of inflation. It has depreciated steeply again since 2018.

Used in: Turkey

Introduced in 1993, the manat was redenominated at 1:5,000 in 2009 and has been pegged to the US dollar at 3.5 since 2015.

Used in: Turkmenistan

The dirham replaced the Qatar and Dubai riyal and Bahraini dinar in 1973, two years after federation. It has been pegged to the US dollar at 3.6725 since 1997.

Used in: United Arab Emirates

First issued in 1966, the shilling was redenominated at 1:100 in 1987 after severe inflation during the Amin and post-Amin years and has since been comparatively stable.

Used in: Uganda

Named after a medieval Kyivan Rus unit, the hryvnia replaced the karbovanets at 1:100,000 in 1996, ending post-Soviet hyperinflation.

Used in: Ukraine

The current peso uruguayo dates from the 1993 redenomination at 1:1,000 and floats under inflation targeting.

Used in: Uruguay

Created by the Coinage Act of 1792 and modelled on the Spanish dollar, the US dollar was tied to gold until 1971, when the Nixon administration ended convertibility and ushered in the modern floating era. It is now the world's dominant reserve currency and the base for most foreign-exchange quotes.

Used in: Ecuador, El Salvador, United States

The som replaced the ruble in 1993 and again in 1994 at 1:1,000. Currency controls were lifted in 2017, unifying the official and black-market rates.

Used in: Uzbekistan

Introduced in 1981 after independence, the vatu has no subunit and is pegged to a basket of currencies.

Used in: Vanuatu

The bolívar has been redenominated three times since 2008, cumulatively by a factor of 10^14, during one of history's worst hyperinflations.

Used in: Venezuela

The unified đồng was introduced in 1978 after reunification and reissued in 1985 at 1:10, and is managed within a crawling band against the dollar.

Used in: Vietnam

Created in 1945, the West African CFA franc is shared by eight UEMOA states, was devalued 50% in 1994, and has been pegged to the euro at 655.957 since 1999.

Used in: Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo

The rial of North Yemen became the national currency after 1990 unification, absorbing the South Yemeni dinar in 1996; conflict has since split rates between regions.

Used in: Yemen

Introduced in 1968 after independence, the kwacha was redenominated at 1:1,000 in 2013 and tracks copper prices closely.

Used in: Zambia

The Zimbabwe dollar became infamous for hyperinflation peaking in 2008, was abandoned in 2009 for foreign currencies, reintroduced in 2019, and replaced by the gold-backed ZiG in 2024.

Used in: Zimbabwe